Europe · TallinnEstonia· by the numbers
Estonia's population is 1,366,475 (2025) — the 157th-largest in the world and the 35th-largest in Europe, shrinking by about 5,866 people a year.
Estonia Facts at a Glance
Six numbers that summarise the country — population trend, rank, density, wealth, prices, share of humanity.
Estonia in World Rankings
Every world ranking we publish, this country’s place in each, and its overall percentile shape.
Is Estonia's Population Declining?
Yes. Estonia's population fell by 5,866 people (-0.43%) between 2024 and 2025. The fertility rate is 1.2 births per woman — below the ~2.1 replacement level. Net migration was negative in the latest year on record.
Population, 1960 to 2025
66 years of estimates from the same source.
Estonia Demographics
Every indicator has its own source and dataset year — shown honestly rather than smoothed into one.
Age & sex structure
17 five-year bands, male and female, 2025.
Largest cities
By population, GeoNames city-proper figures (not metro area).
Where is Estonia Located?
- Capital
- Tallinn
- Currency
- Euro (EUR)
- Language(s)
- Estonian, Russian
- Region
- Europe & Central Asia
- Continent
- 43 countries in Europe →
- Land area
- 42,730 km²
- Area (GeoNames)
- 45,226 km²
- Borders
- 2 countries
Russia
LatviaYou, in Estonia
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Enter a birth year between 1960 and 2025 to see where you'd land.
Frequently asked
What is the population of Estonia?
Estonia's population is 1,366,475 as of 2025 (World Bank estimate), ranking #157 of 217 countries and territories by population.
How many people live in Estonia?
1,366,475 people, as of the 2025 World Bank estimate — the most recent figure this page tracks.
What is Estonia's population density?
32.0 people per km², based on a land area of 42,730 km².
What is Estonia ranked in population worldwide?
#157 of 217 countries and territories by population — see the full ranking table for every country's position.
What is the life expectancy in Estonia?
79.3 years on average (2024) — 75.1 for men, 83.7 for women.
What is Estonia's GDP?
$47.0B, ranking #101 of 186 economies we track — $34,418 per capita.
Is Estonia's population declining?
Yes. Estonia's population has been shrinking, falling by 5,866 people (-0.43%) between 2024 and 2025.
Cite this page
CC BY 4.0Our compilation on this page — the figures as arranged, ranked and dated here — is published under CC BY 4.0. Reuse it anywhere, including commercially, with a link back. The underlying data belongs to the organizations credited below.
Us, by Numbers. "Us, by Numbers." https://usbynumbers.com
Sources
- World Bank Open Data · data.worldbank.orgCC BY 4.0 · population, GDP, life expectancy, homicide, PM2.5, vitals
- NCD-RisC / The Lancet · ncdrisc.orgCC BY 4.0 · pooled measured-height and life-expectancy studies
- GeoNames · geonames.orgCC BY 4.0 · cities, geographic passport